Visual Art Education Practices, InSEA visual questionnaire, 2016
This visual questionnaire was conducted during 2015 by InSEA networking group . Thanks to : Estrella Luna; Tomaz Zupancic; Jo Chen; Kazuzi Mogi; Asta Jonsdottir; Steve Willis and Liing .
Estrella Luna Muñoz, Mexico, artist, colective TLC Trafico Libre de Conocimiento
1) What is really taught in art education (basic and secondary education) ?
The majority of the times teach crafts, teaches the technique in the arts, the students learn to work with lot of materials and structures, in conclusion, the technical way to work the arts.
2) What should be taught in art education to every child and young people ?
More creativity and freedom in the artistic works, teach to think new strategies to resolve problems of artistic construction in teams, teach that some times is not so important worry so much in the results of the artistic works, is more important worry in all the process that takes to you to do that result.
Photos information
Proyect “Tianguis del conocimiento” from the artistic colective TLC Trafico Libre de Conocimiento (Free Traffic of Knowledge) (http://www.tlc.org.mx). We work with the fact to recognize that knowledge occurs inside and outside of an academic institution, therefore knowledge is not unidirectional, is generated collectively and is freely accessible.
In that way we organized a market of knowledge, where was offer and disseminated various kinds of knowledge, where each participant: students, childs, young and old people of the community, exchanged their knowledge like: how to do origami figures, recipes, phrases in other languages, to know the open source, acupuncture, dream interpretation, embroidery, and others.
This collective activities, promoted new forms of exchange and relationships that was not mediated by money, all in one place and available to everyone.
This proyect has made in the event Zonalibre.saberes in the Faro Tlahuac; in the Museum Tamayo, and in the proyect Bede (http://www.bede.org.mx) in Cieneguilla Guanajuato, Mexico.
Photographys of Xchel Gallegos, Erika Atié.
Ásdís Kalman, Art teacher Ingunnar skóli
Reykjavík, Iceland
1) what is really taught in art education ( basic and secondary education) in your country?
In art education for this group, basic and secondary education, they are thaught about the scale and proportion of the human body. There is also a lot of arthistory thaught in the way that the students get a hands on project in the same lessons as about the styles that have been taught. Students get to try many different kinds of materials like painting, plaster, clay and using old and used stuff as a part of re-cycling. There is also time given for free expressions in visual forms.
2) what should be taught in art education to every child and young people in your country?
It should be taught more cultural identity and multi cultural diversity. It would also be nice to teach about commonly held traditions, values and ways of behaving of our particular country and culture.
Critical thinking about all the media that the students are involved in should be a must as well.
1) what is really taught in art education ( basic and secondary education) in your countries?
with the subject name of arts starts from primary school third grade. Before third grade, arts integrated into the subject called {life}.
2) what should be taught in art education to every child and young people in your country?
Visual arts, Music, Performing Arts( including dance and theater) are all required.
Grade 7 in junior high school, Zhenjiang, China
Lijing
1) What is really taught in art education (basic and secondary education
For all students, to convey the value of art education. Let the students learn to express and create on the basis of experience and cooperation. Pay attention to the traditional inheritance and innovation development. Teachers can actively develop curriculum resources, and through the unit teaching to enable students to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the art and culture.
2) what should be taught in art education to every child and young people
Teachers should be based on the characteristics of the students’ art learning, teaching to their core values of art learning. Encourage them to continue to break through the boundaries and barriers in the creative process, to develop the ability to complete the work of the final. Encourage attention to the development and innovation of contemporary art, cultivate innovative thinking, and learn how to solve the problem with the ability of art. Teachers should actively develop local resources, in the course of curriculum design can be appropriate use of interdisciplinary approach to improve the efficiency of art learning. Promoting students’ learning through various methods such as project learning and portfolio assessment.
Maria Letsiou, Greece
Image 1 represents how art education looks like in Greece. I use an old sticker art from the ’60. The only thing that the child may do is to stick the separate items. It is a mere action that the creative potential of the action is missing.
Image 2 represents how art education should be in Greece. I use the same old sticker art that is obviously transformed. What we need is to support art education as a meaningful subject in school that students can develop both creative and cognitive skills. Art practice should be considered as a means of learning of a wide field of knowledge.
Kazuji Mogi, Japan
1) what is really taught in art education ( basic and secondary education) in your countries?
I think art education in Japan is children-center. It is based on the Courses of Studies and textbooks. The aim of art education in Japan is to develop children’s creativity, KANSEI (sensitivity) and JOUSEOU (artistic sentiment). In the curriculum for art education, learning domains are (1) interest and attitude, (2) creative skills, (3) creating and developing ideas, (4) art appreciation. Japanese art education has been developed by practical research by teachers. Although the recent art education has emphasized on making processes, students are expected to produce high quality results (art work) and to acquire making techniques. There is a gap between what is taught in schools and what is going on in the society (contemporary art). The recent policy emphasizes on art appreciation and the use of VTS (Visual Thinking Strategy) is getting popular in schools.
2) what should be taught in art education to every child and young people in your country?
As I pointed out, there is a gap between what is taught in Japanese schools and what is/are created by artists in the society. Japanese school art education should include art related to social issues (political, religious, gender etc.). Art education for the future should be understood as (1) creative learning involving bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, (2) learning activities to develop children’s communication and critical thinking skills, (3) collaborative learning (4) active learning. Scientific viewing (verbal and quantitative) and analog viewing (arts) the world should supplement each other in education, and cross the border. Also, we need to understand art education as not only the individual learning but also as cooperative learning. I think art education can make it possible to formulate the multicultural and sustainable society.
Missouri State,USA
Steve Willis
Art education in Slovenia; three examples
Tomaz Zupancic
Age of student: 6
Technique: Cardboard print in different colours (format A5)
Title: Varčujem z elektriko (Saving electricity)
Mentor: Branka Meznarič and Nevenka Pušnik; 2015
Institution: Elementary school Janko Padežnik, Maribor,
Copyright: with the permission of “Ciciumetnije”, Mladinska knjiga and vrtec Ajdovščina
What is really taught in art education (basic from 6-11y)?
Unfortunately, only general teachers perform the art lessons at this level. Among them, some have abilities, knowledge and felling for children´s artistic expression and some of them not. Therefore, a lot of art lessons at this level still base on motifs, non-artistic goals, non-aesthetic values, etc.
What should be taught to every young children and young people in Slovenia (basic from 6-11y)?
According to preschool curriculum and elementary art syllabi in SLO this should be:
- Developing creative potentials.
- Basic knowledge of formal visual art language (line, shape, colour, composition, rhythm, etc).
- Practicing in different art fields and art techniques (very good example: artwork SLO01)
Age of student: 14
Technique: Drawing with black ink and lemon sauce (format A3)
Title: Prvi teden v šoli (First week at school)
Mentor: Natalija Rojc Črnčec, prof. and students of art education at University of Maribor; 2015
Institution: First Gymnasium, Maribor
Copyright: photo by Tomaž Zupančič
What is really taught in art education (from 11-14y)?
Art at this level is taught by art educators (special art teachers), but unfortunately some of them are still too much stuck in art education that is formal-visual-art-language based. More postmodern thoughts on contemporary art education should be involved at this level. Good is, that lot of (younger) teachers are keen on contemporary AE approaches.
What should be taught to every young children and young people in Slovenia (from 11-14y)?
According to elementary and lower secondary art syllabi in SLO this should be:
- (Still) developing creative potentials and original individual expression; expressing inner thoughts (good example: artwork SLO02).
- Advanced knowledge of formal visual art language (colour theories, e.g. Itten’s theory of colour contrasts, linear perspective, basic human anatomy, etc.).
- advanced practicing in different art fields and art techniques;
- introducing with contemporary art (readymade, installation, video art, computer art, performance art …)
Age of student: 15-19 (group work)
Technique: site-specific installation (girl’s toilets at Second Gymnasium in Maribor)
Title: Selena Gomez, Selena Gomez, Selena Gomez …
Mentor: Natalija Rojc Črnčec, prof. and students of art education at University of Maribor, 2015
Institution: Second Gymnasium, Maribor
Copyright: photo by Tomaž Zupančič
What is really taught in art education (from 15-19y)?
That depends on teachers, Art at this level can be taught by art educators or art historians. The latter are keener on teaching art history and vice versa. Approaches differ from school to school, more than at elementary level.
What should be taught to every young children and young people in Slovenia (from 15-19y)
Basics at this level (15-19) are similar as at the previous level (11-14y). According to general curriculum for general grammar school (gymnasium) there are two parts, one dedicated to art history and second, reserved for practical artistic expression with the emphasize on contemporary visual art practices.
What should be taught to every young children and young people in Slovenia in general?
Generally speaking (according to Slovenian art educational profession) the main objective of art education in Slovenia should be:
- (according to Arthur Efland) to widen and deepen student´s understanding of the cultural landscape we inhabit.
- We agree (again with Arthur Efland) that tomorrow’s children need the arts to enable them to understand their social world in order that they might have a future in it.
- We also agree with the importance of developing creativity,
- the children and young people should be familiar with visual art formal vocabulary, materials and techniques.
- We agree that young people should be aware of local and global visual cultural heritage.
- In addition, in last years we emphasize the need of sustainable paradigm at art educational contents (environmental sustainability at most)
International Society for Education Through Art ( InSEA) 